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No'. 486,540. g Patented Nov. 22, 1892.

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N0. 486,540. Patented NOV. 22, 1892.

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GAS FURNAGB Patented Nov. Z2, 1892.

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UNITED STAT-Es PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK SIEMENS,OE DRESDEN, GERMANY.

GAS-FU RNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 486,540, dated November 22, 1892.

Application iled March 26, 1886. Serial No. 196,675. (No model.) Patented in England December 8, 1883,110. 5,677; in France December 2l, 1883, No. 159,316 in Belgium December 22,1.888,No.63,626; in Germany January 22, 1884, No. 31,113, and c in Austria-Hungary .Tune 26, 1884, No. 10,258 and No. 26,486.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, EREDERIGK SIEMENS, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Dresden, Saxony, in the German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Furnaces, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in Great Britain, dated December 8,1883, No. 5,677; in France, dated December 2l, 1883, No. 159,316; in Belgium, dated December 22, 1883, No. 63,626; in Germany, dated January 22, 1884, No. 31,113, and in Austria-Hungary, dated June 26, 1884:, No. 10,258 and No. 26,486) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of regenerative gas-furnaees used for high temperatures, such as steel-melting on the open hearth and in crucibles, glass-melting, heating iron and steel, and for other purposes, which are constructed with four regenerators acting in pairs and alternately, one pair serving for heating separately the gaseous fuel and air supplying the heating-chamber, while the other pair serves for storing heat from the products of combustion on their way from the said heatingchamber to the chimneystack, the direction of the iniiowing and outflowing currents being reversed from time to time. For such furnaces and their application to various purposes in the arts my brother, the late Sir Villiam Siemens, and myself, sometimes cojointly and sometimes independently, have obtained Letters Patent in the United States and in other countries, and their general construction and action are now so well known that it will be unnecessary for me to give a full description thereof in this specification, in Which I con tine myself mainly to their construction and Working in so far as they are affected by my present improvement. In these furnaces as they have been heretofore constructed and Worked the flame has been directed on and caused to strike the objects or materials that are to be heated. This method of working by the chemical action of the substances in combinationv or by the mechanical action of solid particles carried with the ame often seriouslydamages the materials acted on and the crucibles, pots, or other vessels containing them, as well as the walls of the furnace itself. Moreover, when the flame inpinges on objects colder than itself or obstructing it, the combustion is rendered imperfect, and consequently there is considerable Waste of fuel.

My invention has for its object to avoid these evils by so constructing and Working furnaces that the flame is kept entirely clear from the objects or materials that are to be heated and from the furnace-Walls, and that the Whole of the heat is obtained by radiation from the flame itself and from the roof and Walls of the furnace-chamber, Which are heated by radiation from it. Furnaces operating in this manner may be of various forms. They may have chambers of considerable length vaulted over, with the dame passing along their upper part from end to end, or they may be of circular, semicircular, horseshoe, or other forms, such that the combustible gases enter by an opening or openings and sweep across or around the chamber and prol ducts of combustion issue by an opening or openings conveniently placed for that purpose. The object is to get a name moving slowly in a line which keeps it as clear as possible from the walls, roof, and bed of the furnace-chamber. The slow movement of the dame is of advantage in preventing the agitation of the dust or other fine particles and the injurious effects of these or of the llame itself on the furnace-Walls and the materials acted on.

In order to effect these results, my invention consists in afurnace so constructed that the iiame will traverse only the upper part of the furnace-chamber and keep entirely clear from the objects and materials that are to be heated and from the furnace-Walls and so that the materials will be heated by radiation from the flame itself and from the roof and Walls of the furnace-chamber.

My invention also consists in a furnace having the heating-chamber constructed With a high crown and ports placed at such a height as to keep the flame above the Working holes or doors of the furnace.

It further consists in the arrangement of the gas and air ports at the upper part of the Walls of `the-beatirtg-chamber for the purpose of directing the Iiame in such a direction that it will touch neither the materials to be heated or melted in such chamber nor, as far as possible, the surrounding Walls thereof, in-

order that an undisturbed combustion may be secured, and that at the same time the surrounding walls and the material in the furnace-chamber may be protected from the injurious direct action of the flame.

The accom an in r drawinffs in which ,corv

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a 4furnae'forimelting glass in pots, 'illustrating 'the application of 'my invention toaJ furnace in 'many respects sim'ilarinconstruction iktothat described inA `Letters Patent of the United States No. 256,748, heretofore igranted 'to me Fig isa 'sectional pla'n oh the line X X of Fig. fl. Fig. 3 is ia vtrar'lsverse fsectlioiion the line Y Y of Fig. l. Fig. It is a :lon'gitudinal section of 'a '-crucilo'l'e 'steel-melting furnace having 1my improvement applied thereto, and Figs. 5 'andG-arc Transverse sectionson the lines and 'g/"y, respectively Fig.'71`sfa longitudinalsectionoffa glass tankftiriiaee of ra horseshoe foi-m, sm'ewhatlsiih'il'ar i-nostluction toa those fryf'h'ch Letters Patent of the United "States, Nos. 229,8'46and 2-30,6G8,fhave been 'heretofore graiitedfto Sir VV'illiam Siemens. Fig."8 isfalpart-s'ectional plan'taken on the `linear as"of ^Fig.7. Figs-9, 10,1and l'lfare respectively na longit-udinalsection, a transversefsectionon 2lthe line z5/3, Fig.` '9, anda'sectionalplan on the line y Vy', lFig. 9, of another 'horseshoefurnace `for `melting glass in pots. Fig. 12 is ia longitudinal fseetio'nfan'd Fig., 18 is a `sectidnal plan, of-'ah open-'hearth steel-melting furnaceof horse-` shoe form. Fig. 14 is a longitud-irialsect'ion, yand Fig. 'lis a sectional plan,=o`f`ar`1open hearth steel-melting furnace 'of "rectangular form,'sliowingdifferent ariangementsof gas and airportsoneach side. Fig.16fisa 1on- 'git-udinal sectionof a 'reheatingo1-annealing furnace.

In all Lthe iign1es,R'are*the'regeiieratorsf theigasffiuea 'and L vthe air-'il'ues leading intoly the furnace-chamber 'fro'tn 'the gene'ratorsi and acting alternately forsupplyingf-rom'onel setof regenerators the heated gas fand air tol form the furnaceifia'mefand lto convey the'hot,i `products of combustion -to theother set' of "regenerators. l l

C is the-roof of the lfurnacechainloerl O are Working doors or gathering-holes, or

in the case of the crucible steel-furnaces are lremovable covers for` giving access to the heating-chambers.

The gas and air ports, instead of being arranged so that the flame can impinge on the pots, crucibles, or materials in the tank or on the bed of the furnace, are at such height that the flame shall pass clear of the objects to be heated, and when these are pots or crucibles, lumps or packets of metal, or other material they are placed suiiciently far apart to allow free access of the radiated heat to all parts vof them. 'y In order to prevent the ame of a furnace from coming intocontact with the materials to be heated therein, various constructions may beadopted. Forinstance,thegasandairforming the dame inayloe introduced into theheating-chambers hy 'openings of such formas to 'itnpar't to'the'fiame a horizontal motionacross Ithe fu'rnfacelchambe'r either from end to'e'nd or from side to side, or, in case of `a horseshoe Lflame, from the inlets totheoutlets'onthe same 'side or Wall,thelanleopeni'ngs or ports t be located so that their poiht fldelivery 1into the heating-chamber shall 'be 'above the height of the material to lte heated, and the top andhotto'm walls may be Ihorizontal for some dista'hce,`as`sho`wn 'in Figs. il, 4, 9,l2, 14, and 16,

or'these Wallsmay Aheinc'lined and converge toward each othryass'hwniin Fig. 7. It is also to 'loe understood that I prefer the (dame to 'move in the 'heating-chamber of the vfu'r- 'nace'ahove the doors, giving access thereto eith'enfdrtlie'introduction'of fresh materials, Watching the *operation therein, or for Withdiaw'i'ng 'substances Ftherefrom, `as shown in all the n'figures "except those representing the cr'c'ible steelimelting'furnace, Fig.`6, in which the covers O also form 'the roofo'f :the heating-fcha'niber.

Iiiorder to 'prevent contact 'of the 'dame with the surrounding `Walls or frodf 'of the heatiiig-chainber o'f a furnace,'a free space "s'hon'ld bealloived fo'r'thedevelopmerit of the @should he 'Wider 'than the 'latter or overlap lthem, particularly on the Vside nearest the :side wall of heatingcham'ber, as shown fin Figs. 7, S, 9, 10,'11,12,"13, 14,-and 15, (onfrighthand 'side,)=and Ain cases Where the -gas a'nd air aredelivered Lin adjoining streams 1Apre- 'fer that the air-ports should be located nearer to the'side walls and thefroof'of the'heating- "chamherfthanthe as-inlets, as shown-in Figs. 4, 5, 14,and A15. Beft-hand side.)

It is totfpossihleitogive dimensions ofthe 'distan-ces for `placing the gas and'airports 'froxilthe'roof `"or"wallsof the heating-chamber of a furnace, as they may b'e varied con- IIO siderably,'according'to the form of heating- -chambers required and the arrangement of ports adopted. In some cases, although I should not select them by preference, it may be necessary to construct the heating-chamber of a furnace of such form, height, or width that the flame-ports cannot be kept entirely away from the roof or side walls, and in such cases it will be all the more necessary to place the air-ports nearest to the roof and side walls for the reason that the air-supporting combustion is not so much affected by contact with solid substances as the gas.

The number and form of gas and air delivery ports into the heating-chamber of a furnace may be varied considerably, as shown by the drawings annexed hereto; but it is understood that where along travel is to be provided for the flame the gas and air should by preference be delivered into the furnace by one port for gas and one'for air, as shown in Figs. 7, 9, 10, and 12, and these ports should be made high, so as to introduce thick volumes of gas and air, which will require time to burn thoroughly. When the length of travel for the flame is shorter and the same form or port is adopted, the gas and air ports are to be made less in height, but broader than in the former case, or the combustion may be promoted by causing ignition to commence inside the flame-ports, as shown in Fig. 14, (right-hand side,) or the gas and air may be delivered into the furnace in several adjoining streams, meeting in the heating-chamber, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, (lefthand side,) or, again, these streams may be made to ignite before entering the heatingchamber, as shown in Figs. 5 and 16.

In the crucible steel-melting furnace shown by Figs. 4, 5, and 6, as the length of travel ofthe iiame is comparatively short,the gas is brought into the chamber by two ports having an airport between them and additional air-ports on either side, the ignition commencing as soon as the gas and air, which are delivered in thin streams, reach the height of a mixingchamber, from which the iiame issues into the wider heating-chamber of the furnace, across which it travels from end to end. A mixingchamber for flame is shown in Figs. 1, 3, 7, 8, and 1-1 (right-hand side) and Fig. 16 in connection with other forms of furnace.

As shown by Fig. 13, in some cases the gasports may be formed so as to deliver the infiowing gas within the heating-chamber with an inclination toward its center and the air-ports may be arranged so as to deliver the inflowing air with an inclination toward its surrounding walls, with the View of keeping the gas away from the latter. l

It is to be clearly understood that in the various forms of furnaces above described the principal object aimed at is to prevent contact of the actual flame with any surface or object that is stationary or is cooler than itself, as such contact interferes with the completeness of the combustion, and consequently reduces its heat-radiating power, and at the same time to protect the surrounding walls and the material in the furnace -chamber. When the flame ceases, the products of combustion, though not visible as iiame, retain, nevertheless, a large amount of heat, and the combustion having been completed when that condition is reached, these products are employed to heat surfaces or objects by actual contact wit-h them, as the bricks of tho flues` leading to the regenerators and the regenerators themselves of the furnace.

A furnace-chamber constructed according to my invention acts like a muffle, with this difference, that the latter is heated from the outside, While the former is heated from the inside by direct radiation from the iiame passing over the materials to be heated and the radiation from the furnace-walls.

I-Iaving thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States- 1. In a regenerative gas-furnace, the combination, with a heating-chamber provided with a high crown, of gas and air flues inthe walls of said chamber and ports for conveying the gas and air into the furnace and the products of combustion therefrom, said ports formed substantially as herein set forth and described and located in the upper portion of the Walls of said chamber near to the crown, whereby the resultant flame delivered into the furnace-chamber may be freely developed therein and not impinge upon the inner surface thereof or on the materials on the bed or bench.

2. In a regenerative gas-furnace, the coinbination, with a heating-chamber provided with a high crown, of gas and air flues, mixing-chambers, to each of which a pair of gas and air flues are connected, and a port-opening for each of said mixing-chambers, said ports formed substantially as herein set forth and described and located in the upper portion of the walls of said chamber near to the crown, whereby the gas and air are mixed prior to their entrance into the chamber, the resultant flame freely developed therein and not impinging upon the inner surface thereof or on the materials on the bed or bench.

3. vIn a regenerative gas-furnace, the combination, with a heating-chamber provided with a high crown, of gas and air fines, said air-fines located nearer to the side walls and crown of said chamber than the gas-fines, and ports for'separately conveying the gas and air into the furnace, said ports formed substantially as herein set forth and described and located one above the other in the upper portion of said chamber near to the crown, whereby by reason of the greater speciiic gravity of the air discharged above the gas the resultant iiame will be permitted to freely develop within the chamber and not impinge upon the inner surface thereof or on the materials on the bed or bench.

4. In a regenerative gas-furnace, the com- IZO bination, with a heatingchamber provided with a high crown, of two pairs of gas and air fines in the end wall of said chamber and ports for conveying the gas and air into the furnace and the products of combustion therefrom, said ports formed substantially as herein set forth and described and located in the upper portion of the end wall ot' said chamber near to the crown,whereby the resultant llame shall alternately horizontally enter the chamber from a pair of gas and air fines, be freely developed therein, sweep around the heatingchamber without touching the walls, roof, or materials therein, and leave the chamber by the other pair of ues, as described.

5. In a metallurgical furnace, the combination,with a heating-chamber provided with a high crown, of ports for conveying gaseous fuel into the furnace and the products of combustion therefrom, said ports formed subst-antially as herein set forth and described and located in the upper portion of the walls of said chamber' near to the crown, whereby the resultant llame Will be delivered into the furnacechamber and freely developed therein without being brought in contact with the inner surface of the furnace-chamber or material on the bed or bench thereof.

In testimony WhereofIalhx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FREDERICK SIEMENS.

Witnesses:

JOHN HEAD, CHAs. ROCHE. 

